The philosophy of Aristotle
According to what a refutation is and which are the aims of sophists Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations says: First we must consider the aims of those who strive and contend in disputations. These are five in number: refutation, fallacy, paradox, solecism, and the fifth element is to make their opponent prate. Continue reading “What a refutation is and the aims of sophists”
Of things that are, some are said of a subject, and are not in a subject, e.g. man is said of a subject, the individual man, but is not in a subject; others are not said of a subject, yet they are in a subject. Continue reading “The difference between a thing said of a subject and a thing in a subject”
That ethical virtue, then, has to do with pleasures and pains is evident. And since ethical character, as its name implies, has its growth from habit, and what is conducted by a conduct not innate is habituated by moving many times in a certain way — this is how it stands what can operate, a case we do not see in inanimate things (for not even if you throw a stone upwards a thousand times will it ever rise upward unless by constraint) — let ethical character be a quality of soul in accordance with governing reason, a quality belonging to the irrational part of the soul that is capable of following the reason. Continue reading “What ethical character is”
With regard to rebutting an accusation, one way is to attempt wherefrom you could dispel the bad impression formed of yourself; for it makes no difference at all whether this impression has been openly expressed or not, so that this forms a general rule. Continue reading “How to deal with an accusation”
What is called complete is in one way that of which it is not possible to find outside any of its part, even a single one; e.g. the complete time of each thing is that in which one cannot find outside any time which is a part of that time. Continue reading “What is called complete”
In one way we speak of privation when something has nothing of the sort of things given by nature, even if the thing itself does not possess it by nature, as, for instance, we say that plants are deprived of eyes. Continue reading “The various ways privation is spoken of”
There are three things which one must have in order to be credible; for this much is the number of those by which we believe in, save demonstrations. And these are wisdom, virtue and favour. Continue reading “What one must have in order to be credible”
